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Research interests and papers by topics (last update: 2011.10.30)

Diffusion in heterogeneous environment is Y.J. Kim's number one research interest right now. Diffusion is a phenomenon by which a group of particles spreads in space due to random behavior of individuals. Therefore, diffusion should be treated as a macroscopic view of microscopic scale random movements. In the year 1855, Adolf Fick suggested his first law of diffusion and, in the year 1905, Albert Einstein employed the diffusion theory to quantitatively model the Brownian movement. Ever since Einstein's work, the theory of diffusion and Brownian movement turn out to be the cornerstone of stochastic process, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, the dynamical interpretation of statistical physics and many more.

However, the diffusion law by Fick is for homogeneous case only. If the environment is heterogeneous, it fails. Furthermore, the diffusion becomes a lot different from the heat conduction equation. There many natural examples for heterogeneous diffusion in engineering, chemistry and, in particular, in biology. In ecology models species do not move in a homogeneous way. Depending on the availability of food, their movement strategy is changing. This kind of behavior cannot be explained homogeneous diffusion. Using Fick's law in heterogeneous environment is completely wrong. The project #1. Diffusion in Heterogeneous Environment is very active right now and YJK is inviting many young people to get involved.

YJK's earlier research has been focused on convection and diffusion theory such as PME, PLE, Burger's equation, conservation laws and convection-diffusion-reaction equations. In particular, the longtime analysis and obtaining optimal convergence rate for large time is of main interests. These problems are studied within a frame work of parabolic equations. In fact, the convection equation or conservation laws should be understood as a zero viscosity limit of perturbed problem with small viscosity. In this way the convection and diffusion can be and should be understood in a single frame. The main contribution of YJK on the program #2. Second order parabolic equations will be providing a unified view for a large class of parabolic and hyperbolic problems.

YJK is developing a theory for a conductivity reconstruction. The project #3. Inverse Problem for Anisotropic Electrical Conductivity is an inverse problem for anisotropic conductivity. If a conductivity body has a muscle fiber structure, then its conductivity is not isotropic anymore. So far most of inverse problem theory is for isotropic case.



#1. Diffusion in Heterogeneous Environment

The theory of diffusion has been developed as an analogy of heat conduction. In fact Fick's law of diffusion has been introduced as an analogy of Fourier's law of heat conduction from the beginning. It is true that there exists an exact analogy between them for a homogeneous isotropic case. However, for heterogeneous cases, they are completely different and that is why non-Fickian diffusion processes appear. In this project a new diffusion law based on diffusion pressure is suggested. There are three directions that this project is aiming for. #1. Developing mathematical method to handle new diffusion process. #2. Application to Non-Fickian diffusion process. #3. Application to Math biology problems.
key words: motility, Brownian motion, diffusion pressure,


#1-1. Physics

related papers and preprints:
[B.2] Y.J. Kim, Diffusion beyond Fick's law: theory for a general Brownian motion (preprint, )


#1-2. Ecology

related papers and preprints:
[31] Y.J. Kim,O. Kwon and F. Li, Stability analysis of a logistic model with an ecological diffusion (preprint, )
[30] Y.J. Kim, Ecological diffusion for biological organisms under heterogeneous Brownian movements (preprint, )


#1-3. Biology

related papers and preprints:


#1-4. Mathematics

related papers and preprints:


#2. Second order parabolic equations

There are three kinds of phenomena involved in second order parabolic equations. They are the zero-th order reaction, the first order advection and the second order diffusion. Even if mostly the word "diffusion" will be used in this note as most of others do, it is more correct to consider it as "conduction". This parabolic problem connects hyperbolic and elliptic problems. For example, the zero viscosity limit gives us a convection equation and the long time limit gives us an elliptic one. There are two directions that this project is aiming for. #1. Understand the common structure of various hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic problems. #2. Understand their differences.
key words: similarity, rarefaction waves, potential comparison, decrease of lap number (or zero points), waiting time, porous medium equation, p-Laplacian, optimal convergence order, Oleinik, Aronson-Banilan type one sided estimates


 #2-1. Long time asymptotics


related papers and preprints:
[20] J. Chung, E. Kim and Y.-J. Kim, Asymptotic agreement of moments and higher order asymptotics in the Burgers equation, J. Differential Equations 248 (2010) 2417-2434. (preprint, 0022-0396, 15 May 2010)
[19] Y.-J. Kim, A generalization of the moment problem to a complex measure space and an approximation technique using backward moments, Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. 30 (2011) 187-207. (preprint, 2011/05/01, 1078-0947)
[15] M. Kim and Y.-J. Kim, Invariance property of a conservation law without convexity, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 58 (2009) 733-750. (preprint, 0022-2518)
[14] Y.-J. Kim and Wei-Ming Ni, Higher order approximations in the heat equation and the truncated moment problem, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 40 (2009), 2241-2261. (preprint, 0036-1410)
[12] Y.-J. Kim, Potential comparison and asymptotics in scalar conservation laws without convexity, J. Differential Equations 244 (2008), 40-51. (preprint, 0022-0396)
[10] Y.-J. Kim and R. McCann, Potential theory and optimal convergence rates in fast nonlinear diffusion, Journal de Mathematiques Pures et Appliquees 86 (2006), no.1, 42-67 (preprint, 0021-7824)
[9] Y.-J. Kim and R. McCann, Sharp decay rates for the fastest conservative diffusions, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math. 341 (2005), 157-162. (preprint, 1631-073X)
[6] Y.-J. Kim, Asymptotic behavior of solutions to scalar conservation laws and optimal convergence orders to N-waves. J. Differential Equations 192 (2003), no. 1, 202-224. (preprint, 0022-0396)
[5] Y.-J. Kim and W.-M. Ni, On the rate of convergence and asymptotic profile of solutions to the viscous Burgers equation. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 51 (2002), no.3, 727-752. (preprint, 0022-2518)
[3] Y.-J. Kim and A.E. Tzavaras, Diffusive N-waves and metastability in Burgers equation. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 33 (2001), no.3, 607--633. (preprint, 0036-1410)


#2-2. Short time dynamics in convection and diffusion
related papers and preprints:
#2-3. Competition between convection and diffusion

In many cases diffusion and convection exist together. In some aspects, they are different. It needed to understand their differences, which is the goal of this part of research program.
related papers and preprints:


#2-4. Common structures in convection and diffusion

In many cases diffusion and convection exist together. In some aspects, they are similar. If one look at them from a wider view point, they have common features. It needed to understand their common structure to really understand them, which is the goal of this research program.
related papers and preprints:
[22] Y.-J. Kim, Connectedness gives a unified generalization of Oleinik or Aronson-Benilan type one-sided inequalities (preprint)


#3. Inverse Problem for Anisotropic Electrical Conductivity.

If an electrical conductivity body has a muscle fiber structure like a human body, then an anisotropic model is the correct one. In this project we develop a technique to recover such an anisotropic conductivity.
key words: curl-divergence system, conductivity, virtual resistivity network,
related papers and preprints:
[B.1] T.H. Lee, H.S. Nam, M.G. Lee, Y.J. Kim, E.J. Woo and O.I. Kwon 2010 Reconstruction of Conductivity Using Dual Loop Method with One Injection Current in MREIT Phys. Med. Biol. 55 (2010) 7523?7539. (preprint, 0031-9155)
[7] Y.-J. Kim, O. Kwon, J.-K. Seo and E. Woo, Uniqueness and convergence of conductivity image reconstruction in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography Inverse Problems. 19 (2003) 1213-1225. (preprint, 0266-5611)


#4. Numerical Schemes for Convection.

We have been worked on the study of numerical schemes for the convection equations. Godunov, WENO, central, upwind, positive, Lax-Wendroff schemes are examples. These schemes are for convection equations and are widely used to solve various kinds of problems. We found that, even if those schemes are used by lots of people, there are many hidden properties. It is also interesting topic to work with higher order diffusion terms that frequently appears in thin film equations. We are interested in survey the properties of numerical schemes and develop better schemes for various situations.
key words:
related papers and preprints:
[13] Y. Ha, Y.-J. Kim and Tim Myers, On the numerical solution of a driven thin film equation, J. Comput. Phys. 227 (2008), 7246-7263. (preprint, 0021-9991)
[11] Y. Ha and Y.-J. Kim, Explicit solutions to a convection-reaction equation and defects of numerical schemes, J. Comput. Phys. 220 (2006), 511-531. (preprint, 0021-9991)
[4] Y.-J. Kim, Piecewise self-similar solutions and a numerical scheme for scalar conservation laws. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 40 (2002), no. 6, 2105-2132. (preprint, 0036-1429)
[2] Shi Jin and Y.-J. Kim, On the computation of roll waves. M2AN Math. Model. Num. Anal., 35 (2001), no.3, 463-480. (preprint, 0764-583X)